INFLAMMATORY bowel DISEASE (IBD) is the term used for a group of DISEASEs with yet unknown etiology, prevalence of which is increasing almost everywhere in the world. The DISEASE was almost non-existent four decades ago in the east, including the middle-east, while now a days it is seen more and more. In addition to the increasing prevalence, our knowledge about its pathogenesis, clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment has changed dramatically over the past couple of decades. This has changed our concept of this group of DISEASEs, their diagnosis, treatment, and treatment goals. Considering the vast literature on the subject, it is timely to review major topics in IBD with a look on the regional progress and knowledge as well. This essay is aimed to cover this task.

Background: INFLAMMATORY pseudotumor (IPT) is a benign lesion with potential of recurrence and continuous growth. Its clinical and pathologic features resemble malignancies. The present study was conducted in Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences to determine the status of IPT. Materials and methods: During this descriptive study, the pathology reports of Shaheed Beheshti university teaching hospitals were reviewed from early 1993 to the end of 1998 and 20 cases of INFLAMMATORY pseudotumor were found. Results: The study population included 12 females and 8 males with the mean age of 20 years. 8 cases (40%) were occurred in lung, whereas 12 (60%) were in extra pulmonary regions. 16 had anemia, whereas weight loss and anorexia were reported in 7 cases (35%). Most of the adults had undergone operation with preoperative diagnosis of malignant tumor, however, most of the children received treatment with the probable diagnosis of recurrent pneumonia. Conclusion: Since wide spectrums of benign and malignant tumors are considered as IPT differential diagnosis, suitable preoperative studies such as immunohistochemistry and flowcytometery are highly recommended.

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Introduction. This fascinating disorder is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis. It is very rare, probably less than 1000 cases reported in the literature. R.D.D affects lymph nodes, although extranodal involvement has been reported such as: Centaral nervous system (CN.S). All of the cases of R.D.D with CN.S involvement without other sites involvement are 11 cases. Methods. The case is a male patient, 26y/o, with a history of head trauma 2 years ago that has been resulted to unconsciousness. He has been referred to a hospital and brain CT scan and brain M.R.I has been done for him. In M.R.I a brain tumor with left orbit and sphenoidal sinus involvement and compression effect on frontal lobe has been seen. A neurosurgeon operated him and the pathological report was Rosai-Dorfman DISEASE. Then he was referred to radiation therapy department.Results. Treatment approach in CN.S involvement cases consists of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Discussion. Over all, response has been inferior to those expected with malignant hematopoietic neoplasms.